Farashin jigilar kaya akan layuka da yawa yana ci gaba da hauhawa!

A wannan lokacin hutun da aka saba yi na jigilar kaya, cunkoson wuraren jigilar kaya, hauhawar farashin kaya, da kuma tsananin rashin lokacin hutu sun zama muhimman kalmomi a kasuwa. Bayanan da Kasuwar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai ta fitar sun nuna cewa daga karshen Maris 2024 zuwa yanzu, yawan jigilar kaya daga Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar jiragen ruwa ta asali a Kudancin Amurka ya karu da kashi 95.88%, kuma yawan jigilar kaya daga Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar jiragen ruwa ta asali a Turai ya karu da kashi 43.88%.

Masu bincike a fannin masana'antu sun yi nazari kan cewa abubuwa kamar inganta bukatar kasuwa a Turai da Amurka da kuma rikicin da ya daɗe a Tekun Bahar Maliya su ne manyan dalilan da ke haifar da karuwar farashin kaya a yanzu. Da isowar lokacin jigilar kaya na gargajiya, farashin jigilar kwantena na iya ci gaba da hauhawa a nan gaba.

Kudin jigilar kaya na Turai ya karu da sama da kashi 20% a cikin mako guda

Tun daga farkon watan Afrilun 2024, Babban Ma'aunin Kaya na Kwantena na Fitar da Kaya na Shanghai da Kasuwar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai ta fitar ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Bayanan da aka fitar a ranar 10 ga Mayu sun nuna cewa cikakken ma'aunin jigilar kaya na kwantena na Shanghai ya kai maki 2305.79, wanda ya karu da kashi 18.8% idan aka kwatanta da makon da ya gabata, wanda ya karu da kashi 33.21% daga maki 1730.98 a ranar 29 ga Maris, da kuma karuwar kashi 33.21% daga maki 1730.98 a ranar 29 ga Maris, wanda ya fi wanda ya faru a watan Nuwamban 2023 kafin barkewar rikicin Tekun Bahar Maliya. Karin kashi 132.16%.

Daga cikinsu, hanyoyin zuwa Kudancin Amurka da Turai sun sami mafi girman ƙaruwa. Adadin jigilar kaya (ƙarin jigilar kaya a teku da na teku) da aka fitar daga Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kudancin Amurka shine US$5,461/TEU (kwantenar mai tsawon ƙafa 20, wacce aka fi sani da TEU), karuwar kashi 18.1% daga lokacin da ya gabata da kuma karuwar kashi 95.88% daga ƙarshen Maris. Adadin jigilar kaya (ƙarin jigilar kaya da jigilar kaya) da aka fitar daga Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai shine US$2,869/TEU, karuwar kashi 24.7% daga makon da ya gabata, karuwar kashi 43.88% daga ƙarshen Maris, da kuma karuwar kashi 305.8% daga Nuwamba 2023.

Mutumin da ke kula da harkokin jigilar kaya na kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na dijital na duniya Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (wanda daga nan ake kira "Yunqunar") ya ce a wata hira da manema labarai cewa tun daga karshen watan Afrilun wannan shekarar, ana iya jin cewa jigilar kaya zuwa Latin Amurka, Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da kuma yawan jigilar kaya zuwa hanyoyin Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiya da Pakistan ya karu, kuma karuwar ta fi bayyana a watan Mayu.

Bayanan da Drewry, wata hukumar bincike da ba da shawara kan harkokin jigilar kaya ta fitar a ranar 10 ga Mayu, sun kuma nuna cewa Drewry World Container Index (WCI) ya karu zuwa $3,159/FEU (kwantenar da tsawonta ya kai ƙafa 40) a wannan makon (kamar yadda yake a ranar 9 ga Mayu), wanda ya yi daidai da shekarar 2022. Ya karu da kashi 81% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara kuma ya fi kashi 122% sama da matsakaicin matakin US$1,420/FEU kafin annobar a shekarar 2019.

Kwanan nan, kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa, ciki har da Kamfanin Jiragen Ruwa na Mediterranean (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, da Hapag-Lloyd, sun sanar da ƙarin farashi. Ka ɗauki misali na CMA CGM. A ƙarshen Afrilu, CMA CGM ta sanar da cewa daga ranar 15 ga Mayu, za ta daidaita sabbin ƙa'idodin FAK (Freight All Kinds) don hanyar Asiya-Arewacin Turai zuwa US$2,700/TEU da US$5,000/FEU. A da, sun ƙaru da US$500/TEU da US$1,000/FEU; a ranar 10 ga Mayu, CMA CGM ta sanar da cewa daga ranar 1 ga Yuni, za ta ƙara ƙimar FAK don jigilar kaya daga Asiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Nordic. Sabuwar ƙa'idar ta kai US$6,000/FEU. An sake ƙaru da $1,000/FEU.

Ke Wensheng, shugaban kamfanin jigilar kaya na duniya Maersk, ya ce a wani taron da aka yi kwanan nan cewa yawan kaya da ake samu a hanyoyin Turai na Maersk ya karu da kashi 9%, galibi saboda tsananin bukatar da masu shigo da kaya na Turai ke yi na sake cike kayansu. Duk da haka, matsalar karancin sarari ma ta taso, kuma masu jigilar kaya da yawa dole ne su biya karin kudin jigilar kaya domin gujewa jinkirin jigilar kaya.

Duk da cewa farashin jigilar kaya yana ƙaruwa, farashin jiragen ƙasa na China da Turai shi ma yana ƙaruwa. Wani mai jigilar kaya wanda ke kula da jiragen ƙasa na China da Turai ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa buƙatar jigilar kaya a yanzu ga jiragen ƙasa na China da Turai ya ƙaru sosai, kuma farashin jigilar kaya a wasu layukan ya ƙaru da dala 200-300, kuma akwai yiwuwar ci gaba da ƙaruwa a nan gaba. "Farashin jigilar kaya na teku ya ƙaru, kuma sararin ajiya da lokacin da ya dace ba za su iya biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki ba, wanda hakan ke sa a canja wasu kayayyaki zuwa jigilar kaya na jirgin ƙasa. Duk da haka, ƙarfin jigilar kaya na jirgin ƙasa yana da iyaka, kuma buƙatar sararin jigilar kaya ya ƙaru sosai a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda tabbas zai shafi ƙimar jigilar kaya."

Matsalar karancin kwantena ta dawo

"Ko jigilar kaya ne ko jirgin ƙasa, akwai ƙarancin kwantena. A wasu yankuna, ba zai yiwu a yi odar akwatuna ba. Kudin hayar kwantena a kasuwa ya fi ƙaruwar farashin kaya." Wani mutum a masana'antar kwantena a Guangdong ya shaida wa manema labarai.

Misali, ya ce farashin amfani da kwantenar 40HQ (mai tsawon ƙafa 40) a kan hanyar China-Turai ya kai dala $500-600 a bara, wanda ya tashi zuwa dala $1,000-1,200 a watan Janairun wannan shekarar. Yanzu ya tashi zuwa sama da dala $1,500, kuma ya wuce dala $2,000 a wasu yankuna.

Wani mai jigilar kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai ya kuma shaida wa manema labarai cewa wasu yadi na ƙasashen waje yanzu sun cika da kwantena, kuma akwai ƙarancin kwantena a China. Farashin akwatunan da babu komai a Shanghai da Duisburg, Jamus, ya ƙaru daga dala 1,450 a watan Maris zuwa dala 1,900 na yanzu.

Mutumin da ke kula da harkokin jigilar kaya na Yunqunar da aka ambata a sama ya bayyana cewa muhimmin dalilin da ya sa ake samun karuwar kudin hayar kwantenar shine saboda rikicin da ya faru a Tekun Bahar Maliya, dimbin masu jiragen ruwa sun kauce wa hanya zuwa Cape of Good Hope, wanda hakan ya sa yawan kwantenar ya fi tsawon makonni 2-3 fiye da lokacin da aka saba, wanda hakan ya haifar da kwantena marasa komai. Ruwan da ke zuba yana raguwa.

Yanayin kasuwar jigilar kaya ta duniya (daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar watan Mayu) da Dexun Logistics ta fitar a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu ya nuna cewa bayan hutun ranar Mayu, yanayin samar da kwantena gaba daya bai inganta sosai ba. Akwai matakai daban-daban na karancin kwantena, musamman manyan kwantena da dogaye, kuma wasu kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna ci gaba da karfafa iko kan amfani da kwantena a hanyoyin Latin Amurka. An yi rajistar sabbin kwantena da aka yi a China kafin karshen watan Yuni.

A shekarar 2021, sakamakon annobar COVID-19, kasuwar cinikin ƙasashen waje ta "fara raguwa sannan ta tashi", kuma sarkar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya ta fuskanci yanayi mai tsauri da ba a zata ba. Yawan kwantenan da aka dawo da su a faɗin duniya bai yi daidai ba, kuma rarraba kwantenan a duniya bai daidaita ba. Yawan kwantenan da babu komai a cikinsu ya ragu a Amurka, Turai, Ostiraliya da sauran wurare, kuma ƙasata tana da ƙarancin kwantenan fitarwa. Saboda haka, kamfanonin kwantenan suna cike da oda kuma suna da cikakken ƙarfin samarwa. Sai a ƙarshen shekarar 2021 ne ƙarancin akwatunan ya ragu a hankali.

Tare da inganta samar da kwantena da kuma dawo da ingancin aiki a kasuwar jigilar kaya ta duniya, an sami koma-baya mai yawa na kwantena marasa komai a kasuwar cikin gida daga 2022 zuwa 2023, har sai da aka sake samun karancin kwantena a wannan shekarar.

Farashin kaya na iya ci gaba da hauhawa

Dangane da dalilan da suka haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya kwanan nan, mutumin da ke kula da harkokin jigilar kaya na YQN da aka ambata a sama ya yi wa manema labarai nazari cewa da farko, Amurka ta kawo karshen matakin kwashe kaya kuma ta shiga matakin sake ajiye kaya. Matsayin yawan sufuri na hanyar trans-Pacific ya farfado a hankali, wanda ya kara hauhawar farashin kaya. Na biyu, domin gujewa yiwuwar daidaita farashin kaya daga Amurka, kamfanonin da ke zuwa kasuwar Amurka sun yi amfani da kasuwar Latin Amurka, ciki har da masana'antar kera motoci, masana'antar kayayyakin more rayuwa, da sauransu, kuma sun mayar da layukan samar da kayayyaki zuwa Latin Amurka, wanda ya haifar da karuwar bukatar hanyoyin Latin Amurka. An kara yawan kamfanonin jigilar kaya zuwa Mexico don biyan bukatar da ake da ita. Na uku, yanayin da ake ciki a Tekun Bahar Maliya ya haifar da karancin wadataccen albarkatu a hanyoyin Turai. Daga wuraren jigilar kaya zuwa kwantena marasa komai, yawan jigilar kaya na Turai ma yana karuwa. Na hudu, lokacin kololuwar cinikayyar kasa da kasa na gargajiya yana da wuri fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. Yawanci watan Yuni kowace shekara yana shiga lokacin tallace-tallace na bazara a kasashen waje, kuma farashin kaya zai karu daidai da haka. Farashin jigilar kaya na wannan shekarar ya karu wata guda da ya wuce na shekarun baya, wanda ke nufin cewa kakar sayar da kaya mafi girma ta wannan shekarar ta zo da wuri.

Zheshang Securities ta fitar da wani rahoto na bincike a ranar 11 ga Mayu mai taken "Yaya za a kalli karuwar farashin jigilar kaya na kwantena da aka samu kwanan nan?" Ta bayyana cewa rikicin da ya daɗe a Tekun Maliya ya haifar da tashin hankali a kan sarkar samar da kayayyaki. A gefe guda, karkatar da jiragen ruwa ya haifar da karuwar nisan jigilar kaya. , A gefe guda kuma, raguwar ingancin jigilar jiragen ruwa ya haifar da karancin jigilar kwantena a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, wanda hakan ke kara ta'azzara tashin hankalin sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Bugu da kari, ribar da ake samu a bangaren bukatu na inganta, bayanai kan tattalin arziki a Turai da Amurka na kara inganta kadan, kuma tare da tsammanin karuwar farashin jigilar kaya a lokacin kololuwar farashi, masu kaya suna tara kaya a gaba. Bugu da ƙari, layin Amurka ya shiga wani muhimmin lokaci na sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi na dogon lokaci, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna da kwarin gwiwar kara farashi.

A lokaci guda, rahoton binciken ya yi imanin cewa yawan tsarin tattarawa da kawancen masana'antu a masana'antar jigilar kwantena sun samar da wani karfi na kara farashi. Zheshang Securities ya ce kamfanonin jigilar kwantena na kasashen waje suna da babban matakin tattarawa. Ya zuwa ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2024, manyan kamfanonin jigilar kwantena guda goma sun kai kashi 84.2% na karfin jigilar kaya. Bugu da kari, an kafa kawance da hadin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanoni a masana'antu. A gefe guda, a cikin yanayin tabarbarewar samar da kayayyaki da bukatu, yana da amfani a rage yawan gasa mai muni ta hanyar dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da kuma sarrafa karfin sufuri. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin yanayin inganta dangantakar wadata da bukatu, ana sa ran zai cimma karin farashin jigilar kaya ta hanyar karuwar farashi tare.

Tun daga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2023, sojojin Houthi na Yemen suka sha kai hari kan jiragen ruwa a Tekun Maliya da kuma ruwan da ke makwabtaka da su. Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa a duniya ba su da wani zabi illa su dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwansu a Tekun Maliya da ruwan da ke makwabtaka da su, sannan su canza hanyoyinsu a kusa da Cape of Good Hope a Afirka. A wannan shekarar, lamarin da ke faruwa a Tekun Maliya yana ci gaba da ta'azzara, kuma hanyoyin jigilar kaya sun toshe, musamman ma hanyar samar da kayayyaki ta Asiya da Turai, wadda ta shafi hakan sosai.

Dangane da yanayin da kasuwar jigilar kaya ta kwantena za ta kasance a nan gaba, Dexun Logistics ta ce idan aka yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki a yanzu, yawan jigilar kaya zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi nan gaba kaɗan, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun riga sun tsara sabon zagaye na ƙara yawan jigilar kaya.

"Yawan jigilar kwantena zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa a nan gaba. Na farko, kakar cinikin kaya ta gargajiya a ƙasashen waje har yanzu tana ci gaba, kuma za a gudanar da gasar Olympics a Turai a watan Yulin wannan shekara, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan jigilar kaya; na biyu, fitar da kaya a Turai da Amurka ya ƙare, kuma tallace-tallace a cikin gida a Amurka. Hakanan yana ci gaba da ɗaga tsammaninsa ga ci gaban masana'antar dillalan kayayyaki ta ƙasar. Saboda ƙaruwar buƙata da ƙarancin ƙarfin jigilar kaya, ana sa ran farashin jigilar kaya zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci," in ji majiyar Yunqunar da aka ambata a sama.