A cikin wannan lokacin na al'ada na jigilar kaya, matsananciyar wuraren jigilar kayayyaki, hauhawar farashin kaya, da ƙaƙƙarfan lokacin lokacin ya zama mahimman kalmomi a kasuwa. Bayanai da kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki ta Shanghai ta fitar sun nuna cewa, daga karshen watan Maris na shekarar 2024 zuwa yanzu, farashin kayayyakin dakon kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar hada-hadar kudi ta kasar Amurka ta kudu ya karu da kashi 95.88 cikin 100, kana farashin dakon kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa babbar kasuwar tashar jiragen ruwa a Turai ya karu da kashi 43.88%.
Masu binciken masana'antu sun yi nazarin cewa abubuwa kamar ingantattun buƙatun kasuwa a Turai da Amurka da kuma rigingimun da ake fama da su a Tekun Bahar Maliya sune manyan dalilan da ke haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya a halin yanzu. Tare da zuwan lokacin jigilar kaya na gargajiya, farashin jigilar kaya na iya ci gaba da hauhawa a nan gaba.
Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na Turai ya karu da fiye da kashi 20% a cikin mako guda
Tun daga farkon watan Afrilun 2024, ma'aunin jigilar kaya na Shanghai ya ci gaba da karuwa. Alkaluman da aka fitar a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu sun nuna cewa, adadin yawan jigilar dakon kaya na birnin Shanghai ya kai maki 2305.79, wanda ya karu da kashi 18.8 cikin dari bisa na makon da ya gabata, an samu karuwar kashi 33.21% daga maki 1730.98 a ranar 29 ga Maris, da karuwar 33.21% daga 1730.298 a watan Maris, wanda ya karu da maki 2 a watan Maris, wanda ya karu da maki 2 a watan Maris. na rikicin Red Sea. ya canza zuwa +132.16%.
Daga cikin su, hanyoyin zuwa Kudancin Amurka da Turai sun sami karuwa mafi girma. Adadin kayan dakon kaya (kayan dakon kaya na teku da kuma karin kudin ruwa) da ake fitarwa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa babban kasuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kudancin Amurka shine dalar Amurka 5,461/TEU (kwantena mai tsayin ƙafa 20, wanda kuma aka sani da TEU), ƙaruwar 18.1% daga lokacin da ya gabata da kuma ƙaruwar 95.88% daga ƙarshen Maris. Adadin jigilar kaya (jigilar kaya da ƙarin caji) da ake fitarwa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa kasuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai ta kai dalar Amurka 2,869 / TEU, haɓaka mai kauri da 24.7% daga makon da ya gabata, haɓakar 43.88% daga ƙarshen Maris, da haɓaka 305.8% daga Nuwamba 2023.
Mutumin da ke kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen ruwa na kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na dijital na duniya Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (wanda ake kira "Yunqunar") ya ce a cikin wata hira da manema labarai cewa daga karshen watan Afrilu na wannan shekara, ana iya jin cewa jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Latin Amurka, Turai, Arewacin Amirka, da kuma sufurin sufurin jiragen ruwa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiya da Pakistan ya karu, kuma ya karu a watan Mayu.
Bayanan da Drewry, wani kamfanin bincike da tuntuɓar jigilar kayayyaki, ya fitar a ranar 10 ga Mayu kuma ya nuna cewa Drewry World Container Index (WCI) ya tashi zuwa $ 3,159 / FEU (kwantin da tsawon ƙafa 40) a wannan makon (kamar na 9 ga Mayu), wanda ya yi daidai da 2022 Ya karu da 81% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin dalar Amurka / 12% a bara kuma ya fi 14% sama da US. kafin annoba a 2019.
Kwanan nan, yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki, ciki har da Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Rum (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, da Hapag-Lloyd, sun sanar da karuwar farashin. Dauki CMA CGM a matsayin misali. A ƙarshen Afrilu, CMA CGM ta sanar da cewa farawa daga Mayu 15, zai daidaita sabon tsarin FAK (Freight All Types) don hanyar Asiya-Arewacin Turai zuwa US $ 2,700 / TEU da US $ 5,000 / FEU. A baya can, sun karu da dalar Amurka 500/TEU da dalar Amurka 1,000/FEU; a ranar 10 ga Mayu, CMA CGM ta sanar da cewa farawa daga Yuni 1, zai kara farashin FAK don jigilar kaya daga Asiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Nordic. Sabon ma'aunin ya kai dalar Amurka 6,000/FEU. An sake ƙarawa da $1,000/FEU.
Ke Wensheng, shugaban babban kamfanin sufurin jiragen ruwa na duniya Maersk, ya ce a cikin wani taron tattaunawa na baya-bayan nan, yawan jigilar kayayyaki kan hanyoyin Maersk na Turai ya karu da kashi 9%, musamman saboda tsananin bukatar masu shigo da kayayyaki daga Turai don sake dawo da kayayyaki. Sai dai kuma matsalar takurewar sararin samaniya ta taso, kuma da yawa daga cikin masu jigilar kayayyaki sai sun biya kudin dakon kaya domin gujewa jinkirin dakon kaya.
Yayin da farashin jigilar kayayyaki ke kara hauhawa, farashin jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Turai ma yana tashi. Wani jami'in jigilar kayayyaki da ke kula da jiragen kasan kasar Sin da kasashen Turai ya shaidawa manema labarai cewa, bukatun da ake bukata na jigilar kayayyaki na jiragen kasa na kasashen Sin da Turai ya karu sosai, kuma farashin kayayyaki a wasu layukan ya karu da dalar Amurka 200-300, kuma mai yiwuwa ya ci gaba da karuwa a nan gaba. "Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na teku ya karu, kuma sararin ajiyar kayayyaki da kuma lokacin da ya dace ba zai iya biyan bukatun abokan ciniki ba, wanda ya haifar da jigilar wasu kayayyaki zuwa jigilar jiragen kasa. Duk da haka, karfin sufurin jiragen kasa yana da iyaka, kuma buƙatar filin jiragen ruwa ya karu sosai a cikin gajeren lokaci, wanda tabbas zai shafi farashin kaya."
Matsalar karancin kwantena ta dawo
"Ko na jigilar kaya ko na jirgin kasa, ana samun karancin kwantena, a wasu wuraren ba zai yiwu a yi odar akwatuna ba, kudin hayar kwantena a kasuwa ya fi karuwar kudin da ake samu." Wani mutum a cikin masana'antar kwantena a Guangdong ya shaida wa manema labarai.
Misali, ya ce kudin amfani da injin mai karfin mita 40HQ a kan hanyar Sin da Turai ya kai dalar Amurka 500-600 a bara, wanda ya kai dalar Amurka 1,000-1,200 a watan Janairun bana. Yanzu ya haura sama da dalar Amurka 1,500, kuma ya zarce dalar Amurka 2,000 a wasu yankuna.
Wani mai jigilar kayayyaki a tashar jiragen ruwa na Shanghai ya kuma shaida wa manema labarai cewa, yanzu haka wasu yadudduka na ketare sun cika da kwantena, kuma ana fama da karancin kwantena a kasar Sin. Farashin akwatunan da babu kowa a Shanghai da Duisburg, Jamus, ya ƙaru daga dalar Amurka 1,450 a cikin Maris zuwa dalar Amurka 1,900 na yanzu.
Mai kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen ruwa da aka ambata a sama na Yunqunar ya bayyana cewa, wani muhimmin dalilin da ya sa ake samun hauhawar farashin hayar kwantena shi ne, sakamakon rikicin da ake yi a tekun Bahar Maliya, da yawan masu ruwa da tsakin da suka yi tattaki zuwa Cape of Good Hope, lamarin da ya sa jujjuyawar kwantena ta kai akalla makonni 2-3 fiye da lokacin da aka saba, wanda ya haifar da kwantena babu kowa. Liquidity yana raguwa.
Halin kasuwancin jigilar kayayyaki na duniya (daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar watan Mayu) wanda Dexun Logistics ya fitar a ranar 9 ga Mayu ya nuna cewa bayan hutun ranar Mayu, yanayin samar da kwantena gabaɗaya bai inganta sosai ba. Akwai nau’o’in karancin kwantena daban-daban, musamman manya da dogayen kwantena, kuma wasu kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na ci gaba da karfafa ikon yin amfani da kwantena a kan hanyoyin kasashen Latin Amurka. An yi rajistar sabbin kwantena da aka yi a China kafin karshen watan Yuni.
A cikin 2021, wanda cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafa, kasuwar kasuwancin waje "da farko ta ƙi sannan ta tashi", kuma sarkar dabaru ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta sami jerin matsananciyar yanayi. Komawar kwantena da aka warwatse a duniya ba su da santsi, kuma rarraba kwantena a duniya ba daidai ba ne. Yawancin kwantena da babu kowa a cikin Amurka, Turai, Ostiraliya da sauran wurare, kuma ƙasata tana cikin ƙarancin wadatar kwantena na fitarwa. Sabili da haka, kamfanonin kwantena suna cike da umarni kuma suna da cikakken ikon samarwa. Sai a karshen shekarar 2021 ne a hankali aka samu saukin karancin akwatunan.
Tare da inganta samar da kwantena da kuma dawo da ingantaccen aiki a kasuwannin jigilar kayayyaki na duniya, an sami koma baya da yawa na kwantena babu komai a kasuwannin cikin gida daga 2022 zuwa 2023, har sai an sake samun karancin kwantena a bana.
Farashin kaya na iya ci gaba da hauhawa
Dangane da dalilan da suka haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya a baya-bayan nan, mai kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen ruwa na YQN da aka ambata a sama ya yi nazari ga manema labarai cewa, da farko dai, Amurka ta kawo karshen aikin da ake yi na karkatar da kayayyaki, kuma ta shiga matakin sake dawo da kayayyaki. Matsayin girman sufuri na hanyar trans-Pacific ya murmure sannu a hankali, wanda ya haɓaka hauhawar farashin kaya. Na biyu, don gujewa yuwuwar daidaita harajin kuɗin fito daga Amurka, kamfanoni masu zuwa kasuwannin Amurka sun yi amfani da kasuwannin Latin Amurka, gami da masana'antar kera motoci, masana'antar samar da ababen more rayuwa, da dai sauransu, kuma sun tura layukan da suke samarwa zuwa Latin Amurka, wanda ya haifar da fashewar buƙatu na buƙatar hanyoyin Latin Amurka. Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa Hanyoyi zuwa Mexico an ƙara su don biyan ƙarin buƙatu. Na uku, halin da ake ciki a tekun Red Sea ya haifar da karancin albarkatun kasa a hanyoyin kasashen Turai. Daga wuraren jigilar kayayyaki zuwa kwantena marasa komai, farashin jigilar kayayyaki na Turai ma yana karuwa. Na hudu, lokacin koli na cinikayyar kasa da kasa ya riga ya wuce fiye da shekarun baya. Yawancin watan Yuni kowace shekara ta shiga lokacin tallace-tallace na rani na ketare, kuma farashin kaya zai tashi daidai da haka. Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na bana ya karu wata daya baya da na shekarun baya, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin sayar da kayayyaki na bana ya zo da wuri.
Kamfanin Zheshang Securities ya fitar da rahoton bincike a ranar 11 ga Mayu mai taken "Yaya za a duba hauhawar farashin kaya a kwanan nan?" Ya bayyana cewa tsawaita rikici a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya ya haifar da tashin hankali na isar da kayayyaki. A gefe guda, karkatar da jiragen ruwa ya haifar da karuwar nisan jigilar kayayyaki. , A daya hannun kuma, raguwar aikin jigilar jiragen ruwa ya haifar da matsananciyar jujjuyawar kwantena a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, lamarin da ya kara ta’azzara takun sakar kayayyaki. Bugu da kari, gibin bukatu yana inganta, bayanan tattalin arziki a Turai da Amurka suna inganta kadan kadan, kuma tare da tsammanin hauhawar farashin kaya a lokacin kololuwar yanayi, masu kaya suna tarawa a gaba. Haka kuma, layin Amurka ya shiga wani muhimmin lokaci na rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin dogon lokaci, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna da kwarin gwiwar kara farashin.
A sa'i daya kuma, rahoton binciken ya yi imanin cewa, babban tsarin maida hankali da hadin gwiwar masana'antu a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki sun samar da karfin tuki don kara farashin. Zheshang Securities ya ce kamfanonin jigilar kwantena na kasuwancin waje suna da babban matakin maida hankali. Tun daga ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2024, manyan kamfanonin jigilar kwantena goma sun kai kashi 84.2% na karfin sufuri. Bugu da kari, an kafa kawancen masana'antu da hadin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanoni. A gefe guda, a cikin yanayin tabarbarewar wadata da buƙatu, yana da taimako don rage mugunyar gasar farashin ta hanyar dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da sarrafa ƙarfin sufuri. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin yanayin haɓaka samar da kayayyaki da buƙatu, ana sa ran samun hauhawar farashin kaya ta hanyar haɓaka farashin haɗin gwiwa.
Tun daga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2023, dakarun Houthi na Yaman sun sha kai hare-hare kan jiragen ruwa a tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma makwabciyar ruwa. Kamfanonin jiragen ruwa da yawa a duniya ba su da wani zabi illa dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwansu a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya da makwabciyar ruwanta da kuma canza hanyoyin da suke bi a yankin Cape of Good Hope a Afirka. A bana dai har yanzu ana ci gaba da ta'azzara lamarin a tekun Bahar Rum, kuma an toshe hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki, musamman ma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na Asiya da Turai, lamarin da ya yi tasiri matuka.
Dangane da yadda kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki za ta kasance nan gaba, kamfanin Dexun Logistics ya ce bisa la'akari da halin da ake ciki yanzu, farashin kayayyaki zai ci gaba da yin karfi nan gaba kadan, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun riga sun shirya wani sabon zagaye na karuwar farashin kayayyaki.
"Farashin jigilar kayayyaki zai ci gaba da hauhawa a nan gaba. Da farko, ana ci gaba da ci gaba da samun karuwar lokacin tallace-tallace na gargajiya a kasashen waje, kuma za a gudanar da gasar wasannin Olympics a Turai a watan Yulin wannan shekara, wanda zai iya ingiza farashin kaya; na biyu, lalata kayayyaki a Turai da Amurka ya ƙare, da tallace-tallacen cikin gida a Amurka Har ila yau, yana ci gaba da haɓaka tsammaninsa na ci gaban masana'antu, da kuma rage yawan buƙatun ƙasar. Ana sa ran farashin zai ci gaba da hauhawa cikin kankanin lokaci,” in ji majiyar Yunqunar da aka ambata a sama.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-17-2024
